COMMON CORE STANDARDS

Language Standards (K–5)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on kindergarten reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

4b. Use the most frequently occurring inflections and affixes (e.g., -ed, -s, re-, un-, pre-, -ful, -less) as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word.

Language Standards: (K–5)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 1 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

4b. Use frequently occurring affixes as a clue to the meaning of a word.

4c. Identify frequently occurring root words (e.g., look) and their inflectional forms (e.g., looks, looked, looking).

Language Standards (K–5)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell).

4c. Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional).

4d. Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly; bookshelf, notebook, bookmark).

4e. Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.

Reading Standards: Foundational Skills (K–5)

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Phonics and Word Recognition

3a. Identify and know the meaning of the most common prefixes and derivational suffixes.

3b. Decode words with common Latin suffixes.

3c. Decode multi-syllable words.

3d. Read grade-appropriate irregularly spelled words.

Language Standards (K–5)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 3 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known affix is added to a known word (e.g., agreeable/disagreeable, comfortable/uncomfortable, care/careless, heat/preheat).

4c. Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., company, companion).

4d. Use glossaries or beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

Reading Standards: Foundational Skills (K–5)

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Phonics and Word Recognition 

3a. Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.

Language Standards (K–5)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 4 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).

4c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

Reading Standards: Foundational Skills (K–5)

Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

Phonics and Word Recognition

3a. Use combined knowledge of all letter-sound correspondences, syllabication patterns, and morphology (e.g., roots and affixes) to read accurately unfamiliar multisyllabic words in context and out of context.

Language Standards (K–5)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 5 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek and Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., telegraph, photograph, autograph).

4c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation and determine or clarify the precise meaning of key words and phrases.

Language Standards (6-12)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).

4c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 6–12

Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Text Types and Purposes

2d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

Language Standards (6-12)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).

4c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 6–12

Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Text Types and Purposes

2d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

Language Standards (6-12)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Use common, grade-appropriate Greek or Latin affixes and roots as clues to the meaning of a word (e.g., audience, auditory, audible).

4c. Consult reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning or its part of speech.

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 6–12

Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Text Types and Purposes

2d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to inform about or explain the topic.

Language Standards (6-12)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).

4c. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.

4d. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 6–12

Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Text Types and Purposes

2d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic and convey a style appropriate to the discipline and context as well as to the expertise of likely readers.

Language Standards (6-12)

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Vocabulary Acquisition and Use

4b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy).

4c. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology.

4d. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary).

Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects 6–12

Write informative/explanatory texts, including the narration of historical events, scientific procedures/ experiments, or technical processes.

Text Types and Purposes

2d. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic and convey a style appropriate to the discipline and context as well as to the expertise of likely readers.